 |
 |
 |
Druckversion |
|
|
| systemagazin Zeitschriftenarchiv: Journal of Family Therapy Heft 2/1999 |
| 1/1999 - 2/1999 - 3/1999 - 4/1999 - Übersicht Rutter, Michael (1999): Resilience concepts and findings: implications for family therapy. In: Journal of Family Therapy 21 (2): S. 119-144. abstract: Resilience is a term used to describe relative resistance to psychosocial risk experiences. There is abundant evidence that there is enormous variation in children‘s responses to such experiences but research to determine the processes underlying the variations needs to take account of several crucial methodological issues. The findings emphasize that multiple risk and protective factors are involved; that children vary in their vulnerability to psychosocial stress and adversity as a result of both genetic and environmental influences; that family-wide experiences tend to impinge on individual children in quite different ways; that the reduction of negative, and increase of positive, chain reactions influences the extent to which the effects of adversity persist over time; that new experiences which open up opportunities can provide beneficial ‚turning- point‘ effects; that although positive experiences in themselves do not exert much of a protective effect, they can be helpful if they serve to neutralize some risk factors; and that the cognitive and affective processing of experiences is likely to influence whether or not resilience develops. The implications of these findings for family therapy are considered in terms of the need for therapists to look carefully at the ways in which different risk factors interact; to assess and take account of individual differences in susceptibility; to consider the extent to which risk factors impinge on the individual and, in that connection, to note the importance of patterns of social interaction outside as well as inside the family; to appreciate the role of both the peer group and individual characteristics in the development of negative and positive chain reactions; and to pay attention to the ways in which individuals process their experiences. Barnes, Gill Gorell (1999): Operationalizing the uncertain: some clinical reflections. In: Journal of Family Therapy 21 (2): S. 145-153. abstract: Sir Michael Rutter has been one of my internal mentors, a parrot on my shoulder advocating ‘caution and proper enquiry’ since the mid-1970s, when I sat alongside him on the child psychiatry subcommittee of the Joint Department of Health/Department of Education Child Health Services review, and for two years was priv- ileged to observe him investigating, refining and putting out infor- mation at close quarters, while trying to keep up with the process myself. A key quotation I treasure from Modern Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Rutter and Hersov, 1985; Rutter et al., 1994) runs thus, as the preface: ‘He who does not doubt does not investigate, and he who does not investigate does not perceive, and he who does not perceive remains in blindness and error’ (Al Ghazali, 1058–1111). In the context of my own smaller scale teaching and writing I have read a continuous story-line which Sir Michael has rewritten about resilience, and perceived continual fluctuations between new certainties and new uncertainties in the ways resilience factors have been described and balanced, as new knowledge and new develop- ments in different fields themselves emerged. Reading this paper written with family therapists in mind I find myself torn between gratitude that he has found time to write it, and some professional reserve from my own position in saying, ‘well, yes, but at the inter- face between the meeting of therapist and family how can we take it further?’ Smith, Gerrilyn (1999): Resilience concepts and findings: implications for family therapy. In: Journal of Family Therapy 21 (2): S. 154-158. abstract: In considering this paper, I began by wondering about the increas- ing interest in resilience at this particular time historically. I wondered whether it is part of a dominant discourse of survival, a renewed variation of Darwinian ideas of survival of the fittest. The emphasis on the individual aspects of resilience also causes me concern. This minimizes wider social factors that have increased stressors for the individual, and generated more complex informa- tion to process. Failure to manage this increased stress or to process the wealth of information is then construed as an individual failing, with the future existing only for those who can stand what is seen as the pace of modern living. Rutter, Michael (1999): Resilience as the Millennium Rorschach: Response to Smith and Gorell Barnes. In: Journal of Family Therapy 21 (2): S. 159-160. abstract: The commentary by Smith clearly signals that we need look no further for a projective test to replace the outmoded Rorschach! Resilience provides the ideal stimulus for people to read into the concept whatever currently preoccupies them. Dallos, Rudi & Amy Urry (1999): Abandoning our parents and grandparents: does social construction mean the end of systemic family therapy? In: Journal of Family Therapy 21 (2): S. 161-186. abstract: This paper explores how ideas from first- and second-order cybernetics may be incorporated into the contemporary interest in social construc- tionist perspectives. We argue that it is possible to contemplate a third- order cybernetics which incorporates ideas from systems theory and social constructionism and that this may capture the reality of the ‘hands-on’ integration of ideas that many practitioners are currently exploring. A framework consisting of eight connecting threads is proposed as a way of helping us to clarify the continuities and discontinuities between the orig- inal and contemporary ideas. It is argued that this is an important and potentially useful endeavour, since many practitioners use a mixture of ideas and techniques in an eclectic way but are wary of potential criticisms of being ‘linear’, ‘expert’, ‘manipulative’ and ‘non-collaborative’. A case study is offered to illustrate a ‘hands-on’ integration of contemporary and pioneering ideas and to invite discussion of how concepts and techniques from first-, second- and the new ‘third-order’ cybernetics influenced by social constructionism might be further integrated. Pocock, David (1999): Loose ends. In: Journal of Family Therapy 21 (2): S. 187-194. abstract: Can family therapy, like Caesar’s Gaul, be divided into three parts? What are the gains and what are the potential costs? How may this classification perform; what, in Foucaldian terms, will be its disci- plinary power? The social constructionist critique tells us that language – far from being a neutral describer of our world – has the power to quietly enchant us into seeing in particular ways. It suggests that we project our socially constructed categories outside of ourselves, then forget to notice this human tampering and treat these categories as if they are real. Instead, it is proposed that what is real can never be fully captured by words. Our language, in apparently illuminating some aspects of our world, casts others into shadow. As an integral part of the discourses through which we live our lives, it implicitly prescribes some actions and proscribes others. Blom, Tannelie & Dijk Van, Leo (1999): A theoretical frame of reference for family systems therapy? An introduction to Luhmann‘s theory of social systems. In: Journal of Family Therapy 21 (2): S. 195-216. abstract: The starting point for this paper is that family therapy lacks a theoretical frame of reference of its own; thus a stepwise search for such a frame of reference is described. First, social systems are defined as communication systems. Second, it is shown in what way a family can be seen as a social system. With the help of the theory of social systems of the sociologist Luhmann, a theoretical frame of reference for systems therapy is drafted. Finally, we hint at the implications such a theoretical framework could have for clinical practice. Shamai, Michal (1999): Beyond neutrality - a politically oriented systemic intervention. In: Journal of Family Therapy 21 (2): S. 217-229. abstract: This paper focuses on the necessity to expand some perspectives of systemic interventions beyond the therapeutic room. It relates to situations where the problem presented by the client system arises from a political ideology that marginalizes the client system. The consideration of new alternatives requires a dialogue about the ideology of the client system and the ideologies held by others - the therapist, the people in the main stream, etc. Balancing between sharing therapist prejudices, i.e. political ideology, being neutral in understanding the narrative and meaning of the client system ideology, and being irreverent towards all ideologies, is useful in enabling the consideration of new alternatives. This is illustrated by the case of a supervisor/dialogue process with a group of Jewish family therapists living in the situation of political uncertainty on the West Bank of the Jordan, an area that has been occupied by Israel for three decades and a focal point of the changes proscribed by the Oslo Peace Agreement. Reilly, Isobel (1999): ‚We build to fill the centuries‘ arrears‘. In: Journal of Family Therapy 21 (2): S. 230-237 Published by
arrangement with John Wiley & Sons |
|
||||||||
Besuche seit dem 27.1.2005:   |