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| Family Process Heft 2/2003 |
| 1/2003 - 2/2003 - 3/2003 - 4/2003 - Überblick Seikkula, Jaakko, Tom Erik Arnkil & Esa Erikson (2003): Postmodern Society and Social Networks: Open and Anticipation Dialogues in Network Meetings. In: Family Process 42(2), S. 185-203 abstract: Network therapy flourished in the U.S. during the 1970s, but has since dwindled there and begun to find new applications in Europe, especially in the Nordic countries. State social and healthcare systems, in developing deep vertical expertise, seems to build up a need for complementary horizontal expertise. The latest theories of sociology are used to analyze the need for networking, with the focus on language and dialogue as specific form. Two approaches developed in crisis service for psychotic patients (Open Dialogue) and in consultation for stuck cases in social care (Anticipation Dialogues), are dealt with. What becomes essential seems no longer to be the therapeutic method itself but the ability to see the polyphonic nature of clients' reality. In this respect, language-and dialogue as a specific form of being in language-as the focus of treatment, makes the practical forms of different approaches secondary. Hill, Jonathan, Peter Fonagy, Ellen Safier & John Sargent (2003): The Ecology of Attachment in the Family. In: Family Process 42(2), S. 205-221 abstract: In this article we outline a conceptualization of attachment processes within the family. We argue that the key elements of attachment processes are affect regulation, interpersonal understanding, information processing, and the provision of comfort within intimate relationships. Although these have been described and assessed primarily in terms of individual functioning and development, they are equally applicable in family systems, provided three farther steps are taken. First, the description of attachment processes at the individual level is applied to the family using the concept of shared frames or representations of emotions, cognitions, and behaviors. Second, there is an explicit formulation of the way in which individual and family processes are linked. Third, there is a conceptualization of the nature and quality of the dynamic between attachment and other processes in family life. In this "ecology" of family processes, those that entail heightened affect and a need to create certainty through action, particularly in response to threats to safety, attachment needs, and discipline challenges, are contrasted with exploratory processes characterized by low affect, tolerance of uncertainty, and opportunities to review existing assumptions and knowledge. Dekovic, Maja, Jan M.A.M. Janssens & Nicole M.C. Van As (2003): Family Predictors of Antisocial Behavior in Adolescence. In: Family Process 42(2), S. 223-235 abstract: The goal of the present study was to examine the combined and unique ability of different aspects of family functioning to predict involvement in antisocial behavior in a large nonclinical (community) sample of adolescents. Distinction was made between global (e.g., family socio-economic status), distal (dispositional characteristics of parents), contextual (family characteristics), and proximal (parent-child interaction) factors that operate within families. Results show that proximal factors were significant predictors of antisocial behavior, independent of their shared variance with other factors. Consistent with the hypothesized mediational model, the effects of distal and contextual factors appear to be mostly indirect: after their association with proximal factors was taken into account, these factors were no longer significantly related to antisocial behavior. The implications of these findings for planning of developmentally appropriate interventions for ado-lesents and their families are discussed. Christie-Mizell, C. Andre (2003): Bullying: The Consequences of Interparental Discord and Child's Self-Concept. In: Family Process 42(2), S. 237-251 abstract: The objective of this research is to explore how the relationship between interparental discord and child's self-concept shapes participation in bullying behavior by elementary and middle-school children. The main finding is that child's self-concept mediates the effects of interparental discord on bullying behavior. Further, the results of the study support a symbolic interactionist view of child self-development, in which children internalize the environment provided by parents. This internalization gives way to self-concept, which guides behavior. This study adds to the growing body of literature that seeks to understand whether and how characteristics of children mediate the effects of parental attributes on behavioral outcomes. The proposed implications for the prevention of bullying include building children's self-concept, intervening in parental conflict, and involving the entire family system in the intervention process. Riehl-Emde, Astrid, Volker Thomas & Jürg Willi (2003): Love: An Important Dimension in Marital Research and Therapy. In: Family Process 42(2), S. 253-267 abstract: How do men and women describe and assess their relationship? What themes are decisive for its quality and stability? To answer such questions, we investigated a random sample of 204 married couples (reference sample), and 31 married couples undergoing psychotherapy (clinical sample) using a newly developed questionnaire. The participating couples were asked to evaluate a total of 19 themes with respect to their importance for the couple's connectedness. Although only rarely directly addressed in couple therapy and in-vestigated in couple research, the theme "Love" proved to be the decisive factor for quality and stability. The results of the present study, therefore, indicate that "Love" should be investigated more thoroughly in couple research and included more actively in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Cohen, Orna & Rivka Savaya (2003): Adjustment to Divorce: A Preliminary Study among Muslim Arab Citizens of Israel. In: Family Process 42(2), S. 269-290 abstract: Adjustment to divorce in a sample of 312 Muslim Arab citizens of Israel was associated both with variables that have been shown to affect adjustment to divorce in Western societies and with variables specific to the culture of the study. The former included male gender, education, current employment, fewer accompanying stressors, and greater satisfaction with the divorce process. The latter were the respondents' self-defined modernity (as op-posed to traditionalism) and their disinclination to perceive divorced persons as bad parents and spouses and as socially deviant, in accord with the social stereotype of their community. Bowser, Benjamin P., Carl O. Word, Stanton M. Duncan & Sandra B. Coleman (2003): Death in the Family and HIV Risk-Taking among Intravenous Drug Users. In: Family Process 42(2), S. 291-304 abstract: The objective of this study was to ascertain the relationship among intravenous drug users between high levels of HIV risk-taking and both (a) deaths of significant others experienced before age 15, and (b) unresolved mourning; 592 out-of-treat-ment intravenous drug users (71.4% male; mean age = 40.5), stratified as to zip code, were recruited in San Jose, CA, as part of a CDC multisite investigation of access to sterile needles and HIV infection. HIV serostatus tests were obtained and an individual, structured interview administered covering demographics, employment, mental health, HIV risk-taking behavior, family contacts/closeness, and family deaths/mourning. Multivariate analyses indicated that the extent of HIV risk-taking in adulthood was highly and positively related to (a) the number of close-family-member deaths participants experienced as youth, (b) the extent to which respondents effectively mourned sudden family losses, (c) the extent to which those lost were emotionally close to the respondent, and (d) whether or not the respondent attended the funerals of lost relatives. Canonical correlations between sets of death/mourning and HIV risk-taking variables were.55 for the total sample (p<.001) and.70 for the subsample who experienced early and sudden family deaths (p<.001). In both analyses, it made little difference if age and gender were partialed out. These findings give credence to the importance of (a) unexpected deaths experienced early in life, and (b) related, inadequate mourning, as factors in progressively higher adult HIV risk-taking. They suggest that treatment for such individuals and their families should involve grief work dealing with un-resolved losses within the family of origin. In addition, prevention efforts may have to revise their modus operandi toward both more focused and more family-based methods of outreach and engagement. Chaitin, Julia (2003): Living with" the Past: Coping and Patterns in Families of Holocaust Survivors. In: Family Process 42(2), S. 305-322 abstract: This exploratory study looks at how families of Holocaust survivors work through the traumatic past by considering the coping patterns adapted by family members. Life-story interviews (Rosenthal, 1993) with 57 individuals from 20 families, in which there were two to three generations, were used in order to learn about the significance they attach to the Holocaust past. The interviews were analyzed using Rosenthal's methods and Danieli's (1988) typology of post-war adaptation (victim families, fighter families, those who made it, and numb families). Results showed that in order to differentiate between the coping styles exhibited by the families, two new categories had to be added to Danieli's typology. These were entitled "life goes on" and "split families." It was concluded that survivor families exhibit heterogeneity in the ways in which they cope with the Holocaust past. |
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