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| Family Process Heft 2/2011 |
| 1/2011 - 2/2011 - 3/2011 - 4/2011 - Überblick Imber-Black, Evan (2011): Towards a Contemporary Social Justice Agenda in Family Therapy Research and Practice. In: Family Process 50 (2): S. 129-131 Baumann, Ana, Rodríguez Domenech, Melanie & José Rubén Parra-Cardona (2011): Community-Based Applied Research With Latino Immigrant Families: Informing Practice and Research According to Ethical and Social Justice Principles. In: Family Process 50 (2): S. 132-148. abstract: This manuscript describes the implementation of two community-based programs of research with Latino immigrant populations exposed to intense contextual challenges. We provide background on our program of research and specific implementation of an evidence-based parenting intervention. We also describe how our research efforts were seriously affected by immigration-related events such as the ICE raids in Utah and a history of discrimination and exclusion affecting Latino immigrants in Michigan. These external political and social challenges have affected the very core principles of our efforts to implement community-based approaches. The current manuscript describes key lessons that we have learned in this process. Finally, reflections for research, practice, and social policy are included. Solomon, Alexandra, Douglas Breunlin, Katherine Panattoni, Mara Gustafson, David Ransburg, Carol Ryan, Thomas Hammerman & Jean Terrien (2011): „Don‘t Lock Me Out“: Life-Story Interviews of Family Business Owners Facing Succession. In: Family Process 50 (2): S. 149-166. abstract: This qualitative study used a grounded theory methodology to analyze life-story interviews obtained from 10 family business owners regarding their experiences in their businesses with the goal of understanding the complexities of family business succession. The grounded theory that emerged from this study is best understood as a potential web of constraints that can bear on the succession process. Coding of these interviews revealed four key influences, which seem to have the potential to facilitate or constrain the family business owner‘s approach to succession. Influence 1, „The business within,“ captures intrapsychic dynamics of differentiation and control. Influence 2, „The marriage,“ addresses how traditional gender roles shape succession. Influence 3, „The adult children,“ examines the role of having a natural (accidental, organic, passively groomed) successor. Influence 4, „The vision of retirement,“ captures the impact of owners‘ notions of life post-succession. Family therapists frequently encounter family systems in which the family business is facing succession. Even if succession is not the presenting problem, and even if the business owner is in the indirect (rather than direct) system, this research reminds clinicians of the importance of the family‘s story about the family business. Therefore, clinical implications and recommendations are included. Feaster, Daniel, Ahnalee Brincks, Michael Robbins & José Szapocznik (2011): Multilevel Models to Identify Contextual Effects on Individual Group Member Outcomes: A Family Example. In: Family Process 50 (2): S. 167-183. abstract: This manuscript illustrates methods for utilizing measurements of individuals to identify group contextual effects on individual outcomes. Contextual effects can be identified by 1 of 3 methods: (1) divergence of the simple within- and between-group regression coefficients, (2) the presence of a cross-level interaction of the within- and between-group predictor variable, or (3) the effect of discrepancies within the group. These methods can be used to incorporate group context into an individual model and can be utilized for any individual process variable that might be affected by a group context. Example data include measures of hassles and coping adequacy of inner city, poor, African American new mothers, and their family members. Ngu, Le & Paul Florsheim (2011): The Development of Relational Competence Among Young High-Risk Fathers Across the Transition to Parenthood. In: Family Process 50 (2): S. 184-202. abstract: This study examined relationship factors associated with paternal functioning among young, high-risk fathers, with an emphasis on the role of a young mother‘s relational competence on her partner‘s paternal functioning. Participants included 60 young fathers and their coparenting partners, who were identified before childbirth and followed over 2 years. Fathers were identified as being at high risk for paternal failure based on a history of school dropout, psychopathology, and/or serial fatherhood. It was hypothesized that young men who were more relationally competent before childbirth would function more adequately as fathers, despite their high-risk status. Based on principles of family systems theory, it was also predicted that young men with more relationally competent partners would become more relationally competent, and therefore learn to function more positively as fathers. Relational competence was assessed using interview data collected before and 2 years post child birth, and coded with the Relational Competence Index. Paternal functioning was based on a composite score consisting of self-reported and observed parenting. Path analysis indicated that (1) high-risk fathers with relationally competent partners had higher relational competence scores over time, and (2) higher relational competence scores were associated with more positive paternal functioning scores. Butler, Mark H., James M. Harper & Cari B. Mitchell (2011): A Comparison of Attachment Outcomes in Enactment-Based Versus Therapist-Centered Therapy Process Modalities in Couple Therapy. In: Family Process 50 (2): S. 203-220. abstract: Attachment issues are viewed by many therapists as lying at the heart of couple distress. It is critical to empirically validate therapy processes that facilitate couples in responding to each other‘s attachment needs. This study examined enactments as a therapy process and change mechanism to promote secure attachment in couple therapy. Sixteen couples were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 experimental groups‚Äî1 group received 3 therapist-centered sessions followed by 3 enactment-based sessions, and a second group received 3 enactment-based sessions followed by 3 therapist-centered sessions. To measure between-session and within-session change, each spouse completed presession and postsession measures of attachment security each week. Results showed that couples who received enactment-based sessions first reported greater increases in attachment security than those receiving therapist-centered sessions first. These same couples continued to show improvement after switching to the therapist-centered sessions. Conversely, couples who received therapist-centered sessions first did not increase attachment after switching to enactment-based sessions. For wives, enactment-based sessions produced the greatest improvement in attachment, yet both therapy process modalities led to some improvement. Conversely, for husbands, attachment improved only when they received enactment-based sessions first. Enactment-based sessions may therefore be more important for husbands than wives. Overall, with some qualification it appears that enactment-based therapy process may improve attachment more than a therapist-centered process. These observed trends and findings are generally consistent with previous research supporting use of enactments in couple therapy. Curran, Melissa, Brian Ogolsky, Nancy Hazen & Leslie Bosch (2011): Understanding Marital Conflict 7 Years Later From Prenatal Representations of Marriage. In: Family Process 50 (2): S. 221-234. abstract: We examine how representations of marriage, assessed prenatally, predict different types of marital conflict (cooperation, avoidance/capitulation, stonewalling, and child involvement in parental conflict) at 7 years postpartum (N=132 individuals). We assessed representations of marriage prenatally by interviewing spouses about their own parents‘ marriage, and then rated the content and insightfulness of their memories. Results show that marital representations characterized by higher insight predict higher cooperation and lower child involvement in parental conflict, whereas content of marital representations was not a significant predictor of marital conflict. Further, individuals who remember negative memories from their parents‘ marriage with high insight were lowest on child involvement in parental conflict, whereas those who remember negative memories with low insight were highest on child involvement in parental conflict. Finally, women who remember negative content with high insight report the highest cooperation, whereas women who remember negative content with low insight report the lowest cooperation. For men, however, marital representations were less effective in predicting later cooperation. We conclude that marital representations, even when assessed prenatally, influence certain types of marital conflict 7 years later. Using such findings, therapists could help spouses gain insight into how the memories of their parents‘ marriage relate to the use of specific conflict strategies in their marriage. Allen, Elizabeth S., Galena K. Rhoades, Scott M. Stanley & Howard J. Markman (2011): On the Home Front: Stress for Recently Deployed Army Couples. In: Family Process 50 (2): S. 235-247. abstract: Military couples who have experienced deployment and reintegration in current U.S. military operations frequently experience stress regarding the dangers and effects of such experiences. The current study evaluated a sample of 300 couples with an active duty Army husband and civilian spouse who experienced a deployment within the year before the survey (conducted in 2007). Wives generally reported greater levels of emotional stress compared with husbands. Overall, higher levels of stress were found for couples who reported lower income and greater economic strain, perceive the need for more support and are unsure about how to get support, have more marital conflict, and are generally less satisfied with the Army and the current mission. Husband combat exposure was also associated with more stress for husbands and wives. Additionally, for wives, stress was related to greater child behavior problems and a sense of less Army concern for families. The results suggest areas of intervention with military couples to help them cope with the challenges of military life and deployment. Inman, Arpana G., Abby Altman, Anju Kaduvettoor-Davidson, Amanda Carr & Jessica A. Walker (2011): Cultural Intersections: A Qualitative Inquiry into the Experience of Asian Indian-White Interracial Couples. In: Family Process 50 (2): S. 248-266. abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the „lived experience“ of Asian Indian (AI)-White couples in interracial marriages. Ten highly educated AI-White professional couples were individually interviewed about their subjective experience of being in an interracial marriage, the challenges and strengths of this marriage, and the potential role of culture in their marriages. Data were analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research methodology. Results indicated that the couples‘ marital experiences were influenced by a complex intersection of ecosystemic factors with significant psychological impacts. These findings highlight shortcomings in drawing simplistic conclusions regarding the success or failure of an interracial marriage and have important implications for theory, research, and clinical practice. |
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